Sending POST Data with HTTPX in Python

HTTPX is a popular Python library for making HTTP requests. One common task is sending POST data to APIs or web servers. This guide will explain how to properly structure and send POST data with HTTPX.

Overview of POST Requests

A POST request is used when you want to send data to a server for processing, like submitting a web form. The POST data is included in the request body. The server can then access and process this data in some way.

Common examples of POST requests:

Structuring the POST Data

With HTTPX, the POST data should be structured as a dictionary that maps data keys to values. For example:

data = {
  'name': 'John Doe',
  'email': 'john@doe.com',  
  'age': 30
}

The keys are the field names and the values are the user-submitted data. Make sure the keys match what the API or web server is expecting.

For more complex nested data, you may want to use JSON:

import json

data = json.dumps({
  'user': {
    'name': 'John Doe',
    'email': 'john@doe.com',  
  },
  'settings': {
    'notifications': True 
  }
})

Sending the POST Request

To make a POST request with HTTPX, use the post() method. Pass the URL and the data dictionary:

import httpx

url = 'https://api.example.com/users'
data = {
  'name': 'John Doe',
  'email': 'john@doe.com'
}

r = httpx.post(url, data=data)

That's the basic pattern. HTTPX will encode the data appropriately and include it in the body of the POST request.

You can also pass JSON directly:

data = {
  'name': 'John Doe',
  # ...
}

r = httpx.post(url, json=data) 

And if you have the data as a string, you can pass that to the data parameter directly.

Handling the Response

After making the request, you can access the Response object. This contains properties like status_code, headers, and text:

print(r.status_code)
print(r.headers)
print(r.text)

You can also treat it as a context manager to automatically call .close():

with httpx.post(url, data=data) as r:
  print(r.text) 

This can be useful for easily submitting forms or sending data to APIs. The server should process and validate the POST data accordingly.

Some key points to remember:

POST requests are fundamental for web development. HTTPX makes it simple to properly structure and send POST data to servers.